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Premack's principle
Premack's principle, or the relativity theory of reinforcement,
states that more probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors.〔Jon E. Roeckelein (1998), ''Dictionary of Theories, Laws, and Concepts in Psychology,'' Greenwood, ISBN 0-313-30460-2 p. 384〕
==Origin and description of the principle==
The Premack principle was derived from a study of Cebus monkeys by Professor David Premack, but it has explanatory and predictive power when applied to humans, and it has been used by therapists practicing applied behavior analysis. Premack's principle suggests that if a person wants to perform a given activity, the person will perform a less desirable activity to get at the more desirable activity; that is, activities may themselves be reinforcers. An individual will be more motivated to perform a particular activity if they know that they will be able to partake of a more desirable activity as a consequence. Stated objectively, if high-probability behaviors (more desirable behaviors) are made contingent upon lower-probability behaviors (less desirable behaviors), then the lower-probability behaviors are more likely to occur. More desirable behaviors are those that individuals spend more time doing if permitted; less desirable behaviors are those that individuals spend less time doing when free to act.
Just as "reward" was commonly used to alter behavior long before "reinforcement" was studied experimentally, the Premack principle has long been informally understood and used in a wide variety of circumstances. An example is a mother who says "You have to finish your vegetables (low frequency) before you can eat any ice cream (high frequency)"
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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